Louis Vuitton Case Study

[pic] LOUIS VUITTON INTRODUCTION: Louis Vuitton is a French fashion house founded in 1854 by Louis Vuitton. The label's LV monogram appears on most of its products, ranging from luxury  trunks and leather goods to ready-to-wear, shoes, watches, jewelry, accessories, sunglasses, and books. Louis Vuitton is one of the world's leading international fashion houses; it sells its products through standalone  boutiques, lease departments in high-end  department stores.MISSION STATEMENT: The mission of the LVMH group is to represent the most refined qualities of Western ‘Art de Vivre' around the world. VISION: Be creative and innovative, aim for product excellence, bolster  the  image  of  our  brands  with  passionate determination, act as entrepreneurs, and strive to be the best in all we do. GOAL: To produce much exclusive fashionable goods with good prestigious image that fits into the high class society, products should compulsorily have excellent quality and l ong life.HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: Founded by Vuitton in 1854 and first store in Paris is opened, 1885 – first LV store is opened in London, Oxford street ,1892- Vuitton dies; the company starts selling handbags. TURNING POINT: During 1893 Georges (Louis’s son) begins his campaign to make the company into a worldwide corporation, Georges Vuitton passes away at 1936. Estimates attribute Georges Vuitton with over new 700 new Vuitton designs. BUSINESS STRATEGY: LV uses demographic targeting strategy to target their customers, both men and women.Since LV focuses only on high class people it uses premium pricing and luxury images for attracting them. It also uses â€Å"NEVER ON SALE† strategy to target their customers and its ad can be found only in high end fashion magazines like Vogue & Elle. It also uses Auction houses specializing in art and antiques to sell its goods. The original product line is Monogram and it expanded its product line to monogram denim, monogram multicore, monogram vernis and damier canvas. The Louis Vuitton brand and the famous LV monogram are among the world's most valuable brandsTARGET GROUP: Age: ranging from young adults to seniors (22 – 65 yrs old), focuses mainly on the high class society. AREAS OF BUSINESS: Louis Vuitton mainly targets wines and spirits, fashion and leather goods, fragrances and cosmetics, watches and jewelry. The other brands under Louis vuitton are Bulgari, Celine Guerlain Fendi Donna karan TAG Heuer Guerlain Bon Marche Sephora. Financial information: Sales at Lv rose 19 percent in 2010 and, for the first time, exceeded 20 billion euros Profits soared 73 percent, to 3 billion euros.Revenue from fashion and leather goods, like Louis Vuitton purses, was up 20 percent. Revenue as of 2011 is â‚ ¬2. 5  billion. It was up by 16% from 20. 3 billion euros in the same period in 2010. Organic revenue growth was 14% The Wines & Spirits business group recorded organic revenue growth of 10% in 201 1. Fashion & Leather Goods business recorded organic revenue growth of 16% in 2011, while Perfumes & Cosmetics recorded organic revenue growth of 9% in the same period. Watches & Jewelry group reported organic revenue growth of 23%.RECENT NEWS: For seven consecutive years (2006–2012) Louis Vuitton has been named the world's most valuable luxury brand. Its 2012 valuation is 25. 9 billion USD. According to a Millward Brown 2010 study, Louis Vuitton is the world's 29th most valuable brand, right after  Gillette  and before  Wells Fargo. The brand itself is estimated to be worth over USD $19  billion References: http://80. 251. 40. 59/politics. ankara. edu. tr/ozer/Dersler/Introduction_to_marketing/Case%20Studies/Louis_Vuitton_Moet_Hennessy. pdf http://louisvuitton4u. jigsy. com/entries/general/louis-vuitton-product-line http://www. lvmh. com/

Information Sysems

Use of Video Conferencing to gain competitive advantage in New Bank New bank can make use of video technology to connect customers with the right experts in a short span of time to provide quick and personalized service on-demand. Most banks worldwide are in a nascent stage of using video to carry on various businesses with their customers remotely; hence New Bank can take advantage of this. Through video-enabled web conferencing or branch office video conferencing the bank can conduct high risk, high return businesses of discussing purchase and sell of stock, selling mortgages, structuring investment portfolios and advising on loans.Advantages of adopting video conferencing in New Bank (Drivers) * Optimization of the cost/lemon ratio Cost income ratio is the standard benchmark of bank efficiency. In some cases, bank balance sheets and cost income/ratio are in an unhealthy state such that reducing cost whilst increasing revenues becomes critical. In this regard, video banking will he lp in reducing cost/income by decreasing branch banking headcount and improving revenues effectively. * Integration of disparate business processes Video technology paves way to integrate the disparate processes in the enterprise ND bring synergies between business teams across geographies. Real-time remote access Video conferencing enables real-time access to expert bankers located remotely. This then improves the quality of interoffice interactions. * Value to customers Video technology implemented in retail branches can provide high value product information to customers. This decreases turnaround times for closure of customer queries. * Enhancement of branch banking interactions Video conferencing allows expansion of video across branch networks helps information dissemination and cross selling. Visual Connect Video conferencing is used to connect customers with product experts when selling higher margin products.This then allows wealth management experts to maintain visual cont act with clients spread across the branch network. Examples of real life scenarios of video conferencing * Video teller technology in retail banking This is ideal where financial organizations seek to offer personalized transactional services to customers more flexibly and its benefit is that, it optimizes branch resources by focusing on higher value, non transactional advisory work and permits a eider range of services at branches and unstained locations. Social Media Innovation This is ideal to support a virtual branch online to support enquiries regarding advice on mortgages, foreign exchange and setting up payments. The merit of this is that it helps in providing personalized services to the customer and enhancing customer relationship. 2. Use of automated call centers in New Bank to capture competitive forces New Bank can adopt automated call centers as a meaner for cutting costs and improving transactions from high touch, high cost, traditional branch banking channel.This then allows branch employees to concentrate on revenue generating activities. Additional benefits for using automated call centers include: * The creation off comprehensive view of each customer's profile to understand his or her needs. * The standardization of the sales process to maximize the use of customer information in sales. * The upgrading of the personnel's skills so they can satisfy the customer by offering the right products and services. This allows the recognition of productive staff with the facility to monitor operator productivity.

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Engineering - Essay Example MD simulations are performed to provide a comparison base for the results of the experiment in order to identify with the fundamental mechanism. The result of this shows to have defect formation depending on nuclear collisions up to attainment of threshold of ~ 2.2 keV/nm by Se over which the electronic energy loss becomes significance. The results from the experiment are given in terms of tables and figures. Figure 1 exhibited a distinctive Raman spectrum evolution of ID/IG in SiO2-supported graphene, in which 1 Mev C ions were applied. Table 1 constitutes a list of experimental results of estimated fault yields. There is calculation involving application of SRIM, the electronic stopping power, Se and the nuclear stopping power Sn of occurrence ion in SiO2 and graphene. Figure 2 involves a plotting graph on fault yields in graphene against irradiated ion in graphene nuclear stopping power. The conclusion shows threshold to be set by SiO2 substrate and also the defects of small size are formed in the graphene that is supported (Wang et al. 2015). Yeom, D. Y., Jeon, W., Tu, N. D. K., Yeo, S. Y., Lee, S. S., Sung, B. J., ... & Kim, H. (2015). High- concentration boron doping of graphene nanoplatelets by simple thermal annealing and their supercapacitive properties. Scientific reports, 5. The article is all about the study which involves demonstration of B-doped graphene nanoplatelets which can be developed by simple thermal annealing of GO nanoplatelets in boron oxide combination. This article begins by an abstract, which introduces us to graphene and its properties that enhance the carrying out of the experiment. Boron-doped graphene is introduced to be having electrical properties that are easily influenced by oxygen and water impurities. The next part is the introduction which discusses all that is in the body of the article. Various temperatures are then provided for thermal annealing of Boron oxide or GO mixture

Critical assessment of an article by the anthropologist Peter Essay

Critical assessment of an article by the anthropologist Peter Rudiak-Gould - Essay Example ibility of climate change - and the golden mean, â€Å"constructive visibilism† (Rudiak-Gould, 2013, p.128), yet focusing on the implications and ideological, social and political context standing behind these stances rather than the stances themselves. The source of the controversy lies in the fact that one cannot see climate change itself, but rather its impacts and manifestations. Visibility of climate change is viewed as the opportunity to see the climate change with the unaided eye, whereas invisibility addresses the scientific aspect implying that witnessing climate change without any scientific devices and measurements is impossible. In the argumentation, the author unfolds social, political and cultural factors underlying both approaches, for instance, profound incompatibility of democratic (predominantly empirical) view and undemocratic position of science: in fact, this opposition is an important balancing power, because assumption of visibility devaluates the status of scientists. Science, asserting that climate change is invisible, has been accumulating data via observation, testing and other methods (Weber & Stern, 2011, p.315); at the same time, numerous indigenous peoples have been insisting on visibility of climate change, as they face its impacts themselves. The compilation of articles edited by Koppel Maldonado et al. (2014) takes the stance of visibility, incorporating articles describing experiences of climate change in indigenous peoples of America. Rudiak-Gould’s argumentation concerning indigenous advocates of visibility is supported in Wildcat’s article, expressing a similar point: whereas most citizens â€Å"form opinions about climate change† via mass media, frontline ethnicities become aware of it through the practical experiences of their lifeway (Wildcat, 2013, p.2). As Rudiak-Gould states, inhabitants of urban areas are unaware of climate change, in other words, they view it as short- or long-term weathe r changes and typically access

Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition Essay

Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition - Essay Example Language pedagogy has always been my unflinching passion; and my experiences of teaching English as a foreign language primary school pupils (voluntary work in high school), helped me conclusively determine my goals. Observing the process of SLA, I was able to better comprehend the impact of socio-cultural impacts on learning and receptivity. Various elements such as critical age influence, personal motivations, and the overall environment –including social and domestic settings – in which these pupils were learning, combined to create their own dynamic reception framework. I realized that the role of a teacher is not only challenging but also essential in facilitating the development of linguistic skills and effective communication. Indeed, as Sir Christopher Ball put it â€Å"successful teaching is about winning the attention of the learner.† After completing socially-tailored A-levels, I jointly took up English Language and Linguistics and International Relations at Oxford Brookes University. I liked the Linguistics course’s focus on the relationship between language and meaning just as much as I enjoyed perceiving the interrelation between language and communication; the course also dealt with human development, the interplay between language and literature and the ideational concepts of descriptive linguistics. The "Psychology of Language"(B+) module, where I developed my interests in SLA, helped me appreciate the social implications of language acquisition, and "Methodology of Foreign Language Teaching"(A) helped develop a keen awareness of a range of teaching techniques (especially, microteaching). My enthusiasm for this program arises from my conviction that it shall allow me to explore each of the above facets more substantively.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Project management - Essay Example 2014). Leadership styles differ by organisations and the task that is being carried out. This section of the essay will discuss these leadership styles and conclude on the most effective style that a leader should practice when dealing with his or her employees (O’Connor & Yballe 2007). The authoritarian leadership style entails a leader making all the decisions regarding the project and passing the directives to the employees. The employees are further expected to carry out the directives under close and strict supervision. The subordinates should not question the directives and should ensure that each instruction apply to the letter. In such leadership, innovation and creativity from the employees is not put into practice since the leader does not take into consideration the views of the employees (MÃ ¤kilouko 2004). There are all sorts of control measures from the management such as punishments, task orientation, rewards and arbitrary rules. The leadership assumes that the manager knows it all and is sure of what is best for the organisation (Curran & Niedergassel 2011). Democratic leadership style entails a structured and cooperative system that has space for employees to make decisions. Much focus is directed to group relations and the sensitivity of the employees in the organisation (Avolio et al. 2009). The leader who practices such type of style in his or her leadership requires professional competence. The employees take responsibility of their actions, and the leader must not be there to supervise like in the authoritarian leadership style. The subordinates share ideas with the manager and the entire team concerning activities that the project has. The leaders who use this type of leadership style are confident, warm and friendly and encourage the employees to participate and grow professionally (Makipere & Yip 2008). Democratic leadership

The Role of the Piligimage of Grace in the Henrican Reformation Essay

The Role of the Piligimage of Grace in the Henrican Reformation - Essay Example The consequence of the separation from the Catholic Church was the birth of the Protestant denomination. This change was not without challenge however, and in 1536 an uprising of more than 40,000 insurgents in Yorkshire. This uprising, known as the Pilgrimage of Grace, was the largest that the King had faced and as a consequence he was forced to respond to it carefully, resulting in the Pilgrimage having a significant role in the Henrican Reformation. The Pilgrimage of Grace The title the Pilgrimage of Grace is used to refer to one of two things. First, it can refer to the series of revolts that occurred between 1936 and 1937. The revolts are well-documented and were rebellions against Henry VIII and his rule, specifically the dissolution of monasteries and charities. From October to December of 1536 there was a revolt specifically titled the Pilgrimage of Grace which bore a banner with the five wounds of Christ. Technically, the term Pilgrimage of Grace only refers to the second exa mple, but the use of the term to refer to the general revolts of the period is common. In the Yorkshire uprising, lawyer Robert Aske organised and led the men, with the aim of making the uprising appear more legitimate and encouraging other nobles to join. The aim of Aske and many of the other insurgents was to get the King to reconsider the way in which he was handling the country. Specifically, the nobles of the company presented a document that the King was to see, which contained 24 articles, which were religious, economical, social and political. They agreed to dissolve the revolt, if their demands were considered in a parliament and they were pardoned for their role . The pilgrimage was a significant threat to the King. Not only were his own men significantly outnumbered, but he was limited in who he could use to fight the insurgents for fear that any local soldiers that were hired would join the cause. An additional source of concern was that Henry VIII was not able to call o n the nobles for support, as he would normally have, because the nobles were part of the uprising. The promised pardon was never given, and instead Henry VIII heavily prosecuted those who were involved in the rebellion. Effect on the Henrican Reformation The reformation was already well underway by the time that the revolts began. The causes for the revolts are often assumed to be of economic basis, or as a result of conflict occurring between the nobles and the common people. An alternative proposal is that the revolts were essentially religious in nature, spurred on by members of the clergy in the North. Throughout England, but especially in the North, the church was a very important part of the community. The reforms that Henry VIII was instigating represented a large threat to these values . The Pilgrimage was for the most part ineffective at its goals, England did not return to the Catholic Church but instead pressed on towards Protestantism, and the dissolution of monasteries and churches continued. The articles that the insurgents presented to the King were largely ignored, and despite the promise of a pardon, those that played a role in the revolts were prosecuted heavily and often

The Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Media - Essay Example However, the greatest weapon of media is that it can magnify the truth of an act or incident, sometimes to the point of exaggeration. It is because of this power that media can keep checks and balances on political leadership. Besley, Burgess, and Prat (2002) observed that suppose â€Å"a politician is thinking of taking or making a bribe and that the probability of this will become public depends on the efficacy of the media in both discovering it and broadcasting it widely† (p.5). It is agreed then that the media can influence and persuade politicians to do their proper roles for fear of bad publicity. However, the media also are victims, and are even a mark suspect for political corruption or political advantages. Walgrave and Van Aelst (2004) stated that, â€Å"symbolic political agendas are more, and more immediately, affected by the media than substantial political agendas† (p.8). This fact cancels out the effectiveness of media as an aspect that provides a check on government actions. For the media to maintain its effectiveness in keeping watch over political affairs, it has to maintain a strong level of integrity and professionalism, while being impartial with regard to political

DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY STORAGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

DEMAND MANAGEMENT AND ENERGY STORAGE - Essay Example Decreasing generation would technically increase the dependency on conventional resources and that it will not entail additional costs. The third section explores the optimal combination of different renewable energy sources for Scotland. Although a national report says that there is not right mix that would work best for the country, the combination of wind and marine power is recommended nevertheless. Finally, the fourth section discusses the importance of energy storage for renewables. It further explores additional storage facilities that Scotland would need to effectively accommodate future demand. This report concludes that fully realizing the potential of Scotland will make the country one of the largest sources of renewable energy, thereby affecting demand in the global scale. II. Scenarios for Generating Renewable Energy: Impact on Demand Management A. Background Renewable energy is a major potential alternative to moderating the effects of climate change. However, renewable energy sources only account for 19.6% of global electricity and 13.5% of global energy demand (IEA, 2004 cited in Neuhoff, n.d.). While they are indeed limitless and reduce costs of operations in energy generation, renewable sources produce an unreliable energy supply since the weather, on which renewables greatly depend, can become very unpredictable so that its generation may not come in consistently large quantities that meets demand. Generation of renewable energy relies on several technical, economical, and social and environmental factors (Kopacek & IFAC, 2006). Much of the carbon emissions come from conventional electricity consumption and transportation but renewable energy sources encourages a harmless ecological exploitation because they do not give off hazardous byproducts (e.g. carbon dioxide) upon consumption. In the United Kingdom, Scotland generates 50% of country’s renewable energy chiefly from wind, hydropower, marine and biomass sources (Great Britain House of Lords, 2008). As a matter of fact, Scotland has approximately 60 GW of raw renewable electricity sources that could make the country a world leader in renewable energy generation (Scotland, 2009). The country can generate renewable energy five times more than it consumes (McDermott, 2010). But the challenge remains, however on the transmission of this energy potential in which regulatory, financial, logistical, and environmental factors should be taken into account especially in improving the grid network and the policy considerations (Scotland, 2009). The Scottish Government, in response to its commitment to reduce carbon emissions by at least 42% in 2020, aims to â€Å"flex generation [of electricity] to meet demand, and ...flex demand to meet generation† (Scotland, 2010a). Taken from a national report, the following scenarios present how RE generation affect demand management in Scotland. In all three scenarios, demand levels are satisfied. In the second and third scen arios, supply will exceed demand with transmission upgrades, constraints approaches , and reduction of demand in consideration. B. Scenario 1 The Scottish Government had recently increased its renewable target to 80% for 2020 due to the expansion in wind power through which renewables may be

Global Internet Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Internet Advertising - Essay Example This paper is going to highlight some of the unanswered questions in the global advertising medium. Although global internet advertising is a good thing to business all over the world there are some areas that need to be further researched. One is that there are privacy concerns on the advertiser’s side and even the potential customers (Tungate, 2013). Business owners when advertising need to prove authenticity of the products or services they are advertising this has caused issues like hackers accessing financial data and employee information via the internet and using it for illegal means (Taylor, 2012). On the customer’s side, some customers have been duped and lied to about keeping their queries or purchases private only for traces to be left that could jeopardize the customer’sreputation and life (St, 2007). This issue needs to be further researched. Secondly, through the research on global internet advertising, there is an issue of Global Internet Access 100% connectivity and when can it be a reality (Hanafizadeh & Behboudi, 2012). It emerged that the whole world knows about the internet and even about internet advertising but not all people have internet access 100% connectivity (Frith& Mueller, 2010). This is either because of high data and broadband prices, lack of data booster in the regions they are situated or partial network coverage (Kogut, 2004). This means that a lot of business will not be reaching the intended target customers while customers will not get the advertisement that could change their daily lives(Krishnamurthy & OConnor, 2006). Further research should be done to establish when 100%comnncevtivty will be a reality especially in developing worlds. A final unanswered question that emerged from the research on global internet advertising was the issue of Advertising & technology (Bidgoli, 2004). To advertise on the internet means that one must be able to use a computer and use their own website or use another

Criminal Sentencing Essay Example for Free

Criminal Sentencing Essay A basic question in criminal sentencing is â€Å"What are the purposes of criminal sentencing?†Ã‚   Scholars, too, reflect on the purposes of punishment. There are commonly four identified purposes: Retribution. The oldest but considered the most important purpose for sentencing is retribution, that is, inflicting on an offender suffering comparable to that caused by the offense. An act of social vengeance, retribution is grounded in a view of society as a system of moral balance.   When criminality upsets this balance, punishment exacted in comparable measure restores the moral order, as suggested in the biblical dictum â€Å"An eye for an eye. † While contemporary critics of retribution sometimes charge that this policy lacks the force to reform the offender, it still remains a strong justification for punishment. A second purpose for sentencing, deterrence amounts to the attempt to discourage criminality through punishment.   Initially, deterrence arose as the banner of reformers seeking to end what they saw as excessive punishments based on retribution.   Critics asked, â€Å"Why put someone to death for stealing if that crime could be discouraged with a prison sentence?†Ã‚   As the concept of deterrence in sentencing gained widespread acceptance, execution and physical mutilation of criminals were gradually replaced by milder forms of punishment such as imprisonment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two types of deterrence, specific deterrence demonstrates to the   individual offender that crime does not pay while in general deterrence, the  punishment of one person serves as an example to others. Rehabilitation. The third purpose for sentencing, rehabilitation, involves reforming the offender to preclude subsequent offenses.   It resembles deterrence by motivating the offender to conform.   But rehabilitation emphasizes constructive improvement while deterrence and retribution make the offender suffer.   In addition, while retribution demands that the punishment fit the crime, rehabilitation focuses on the distinctive problems of each offender.   Thus identical offenses would call for similar acts of retribution but different programs of rehabilitation. Social protection. A final purpose for sentencing is social protection, or rendering an offender incapable of further offenses either temporarily through incarceration or permanently by execution. Like deterrence, social protection is a rational approach to punishment and seeks to protect society from crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The different forms of sentencing used in different jurisdictions include institutional sanctions—time to be served in prison or jail; and noninstitutional sanctions—fines and forfeiture of the proceeds of crime, and service of the sentence in the community in the form of probation or parole. Recently the arsenal of punishments has been considerably enlarged by the creation of mixed sanctions and alternatives to either institutional or noninstitutional sanctions. The following are the variety of options for sentencing: Death penalty. In thirty-six states (as well as the federal courts), courts may impose a sentence of death for any offense designated a capital crime, for example, first-degree murder. Incarceration. The defendant may be sentenced to serve a term in a local jail, state prison, or federal prison. Probation. The defendant may be sentenced to a period of probationary supervision   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   within the community. Split sentence. A judge may split the sentence between a period of incarceration and a period of probation. Restitution. An offender may be required to provide financial reimbursement to cover the cost of a victim’s losses. Community service. An offender may be required to spend a period of time performing public service work. Fine. An offender may be required to pay a certain sum of money as a penalty and/or as an alternative to or in conjunction with incarceration. This leads us to the next question, â€Å"What are some reforms that have been proposed? A recent reform growing out of the victims’ rights movement in the sentencing process is the consideration of statements by the victim, known as â€Å"victim impact statements† (VIS). Twenty-six states have mandated the use of VIS in criminal cases, while another twenty-two states have adopted so-called â€Å"victim bills of rights† that include recognition of the right of a victim to present a VIS. In the VIS, the victim provides a statement about the extent of economic, physical, or psychological harm suffered as a result of the victimization. The victim also can make a recommendation about the type of sentence an offender should receive. Usually the VIS is incorporated into the pre-sentence investigation report written by the probation officer. Research has revealed that a judge’s choice of a sentence is influenced much more by legal considerations than by victim preferences in cases where VIS has been presented (McGarrell, 1999). The third reform proposal is â€Å"restorative justice.† Restorative justice has been a feature of justice systems for a long time, though it was little used until a group of criminologists in the United States and the Commonwealth countries brought the idea back to life. The term restorative justice was virtually unknown a decade ago, and it is still in search of a commonly accepted meaning. Yet, the literature related to this subject has grown rapidly, so that we venture to define it in terms offered by Howard Zehr, published in a symposium of The Justice Professional, entitled â€Å"Criminology as Peacemaking.† Zehr provides contrasting paradigms between the traditional, retributive sense of justice and the newly emerging (or reemerging) restorative sense of justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If the proposed reform of restorative justice were adopted, where would that leave us with respect to the traditional â€Å"aims† or â€Å"justifications† of criminal justice? As to retribution (or just desserts), we would still be limited to never imposing an obligation (sanction) that outweighs the harm done. As to incapacitation, even the staunchest advocates of restorative justice recognize that some offenders are far too dangerous to be returned to the community and that their separation from the community is necessary. But the prison population could be vastly reduced. As to resocialization or rehabilitation, the very idea is built into restorative justice, which aims at   Ã‚  restoring the community. Some of the current issues in federal sentencing according to the U.S. Sentencing Commission at https://www.ussc.gov. are the following: The issue on the amendment pertaining to offenses involving cocaine base (crack) and the amendment pertaining to certain criminal history rules, see 72 FR 28558 (May   21, 2007); 72 FR 51882 (September 11, 2007), should be applied retroactively to previously sentenced defendants. The issue of the Judicial Conference of the United States, the and the United States Sentencing Commission has decided to establish a standing victim’s advisory group pursuant to   28 U.S.C.  § 995 and Rule 5.4 of the Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure. It was stated that the purpose of the advisory group is (1) to assist the Commission in carrying out its statutory responsibilities under 28 U.S.C.  § 994(o); (2) to provide the Commission its views on the Commission’s activities as they relate to victims of crime; (3) to   disseminate information regarding sentencing issues to organizations represented by the   Ã‚  advisory group and to other victims of crime and victims advocacy groups, as appropriate; and (4) to perform any other functions related to victims of crime as the Commission requests. The victims’ advisory group will consist of not more than 9 members, each of whom may serve not more than two consecutive 3-year terms. The issue on New Yorks Rockefeller laws to curb the drug trade – which directly contributed to a dramatic increase in the states prison population costing the state millions of dollars, but failing to impact drug trafficking. According to a New York   Times editorial, â€Å"New York has made incremental changes to the Rockefeller laws in recent years, but has stopped short of restoring judicial discretion.† A governor-appointed commission charged with studying state sentencing practices, however, has produced a report calling for the end of â€Å"indeterminate sentencing† – the process by which a judge imposes a minimum and a maximum sentence and the Parole Board decides when to release an offender. It further suggests that nonviolent offenders be considered for community-based treatment instead of prison. Finally, Gov. Elliot Spitzers commission recommends restoring prison-based educational and training programs as a means of helping to lower recidivism rates. The website of the Sentencing Project at http://www.sentencingproject.org. mission is to promote reforms in sentencing law and practice, and alternatives to incarceration through their advocacy and research. Moreover, the Sentencing Project provides defense lawyers with sentencing advocacy training and to reduce the reliance on incarceration. Hence, the Sentencing Project has become the leader in the effort to bring national attention to disturbing trends and inequities in the criminal justice system with a successful formula that includes the publication of groundbreaking research, aggressive media campaigns and strategic advocacy for policy reform. As a result of The Sentencing Projects research, publications and advocacy, many people know that this country is the worlds leader in incarceration, that one in three young black men is under control of the criminal justice system, that five million Americans cant vote because of felony convictions, and that thousands of women and children have lost welfare, education and housing benefits as the result of convictions for minor drug offenses.   Thus, the Sentencing Project is dedicated to changing the way Americans think about crime and punishment which coincide with the interests of the National Association of Sentencing Advocates. References   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McGarrell, E.F. Restorative Justice Conferences.   Indianapolis, IN: Hudson Institute, 1999; Edmund F. McGarrell, â€Å"Cutting Crime through Police-Citizen Cooperation,† American Outlook, Spring 1998, pp. 65–67. The Sentencing Project at http://www.sentencingproject.org. U.S. Sentencing Commission Available at https://www.ussc.gov. Zehr, H.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Justice as Restoration, Justice as Respect,†The Justice Professional 11,   Ã‚  Ã‚   nos. 1–2 (1998), pp. 71–87.

Response to Classmates Mini-Project Essay Example for Free

Response to Classmates Mini-Project Essay There is no doubt that English is the most spoken language in the world. Numerous countries use it to communicate everyday even if it is not their official language. Other countries are beginning to see the need to learn it to advance economically, which is why they choose to go to the United States to learn and experience the language first hand or enroll in ESL classes. Bilingualism is important because it allows a person to have an edge against others who only know how to communicate in their native tongue. As a Second Language Learner, I think that it is important to indicate how essential it is to have properly funded bilingual programs for the children who want to learn academically but are not native speakers of the English language. This is the only way in which these second language learners will be able to maximize their experience with the English language. It is also better if they start while they are young because this will make it easier for them to learn and mingle with students who are like them. It will enhance their social skills, which will allow them to learn the language in a more personal way. This is entirely different from that of the adults because adults are much harder to teach because they already know so much about their native language that their ways might be hard to change. I agree with Allison that learning the English language is in line with the â€Å"melting pot† philosophy of the country. This is the reason why bilingual programs should be supported for those who are not native speakers of the language. However, it is also important to note that learning English does not necessarily mean that the person is neglecting his or her native tongue. It would be very difficult to replace something so original such as one’s native language. Response to Kristina’s mini project: I believe that students should be taught in the English language. English is the universal language and most books and resources are found in the English language. This fact will make it hard for people to teach or learn academically in their native tongues because not every term can be translated in their own languages. It would also be hard for them to find resources that are printed in their language. As such, the need for bilingual education is apparent. People, especially those who believe that bilingual education does not benefit the children, have to understand that learning a new language is not that easy. A student will not be able to learn as fast, especially if the English language is not spoken at home on a regular and constant basis. The participation of the family and the student is needed for faster learning of the language. It is also significant to keep in mind that English is not the only language in the world and that we have to respect other countries’ languages. It is certainly not a waste of time to learn a language. On the contrary, it provides a whole new experience for the learner because it is one way of learning another country’s culture and tradition. Second language learning is beneficial for students no matter what opponents might say. They are not the ones who experience the learning. It is the students who should be questioned if this learning is really beneficial to them. It is their opinions that truly matter and not those who oppose second language learning. Bilingual education does not promote language death. One cannot replace or forget his or her native language in the process of learning a new one. I agree with Kristina’s statement that promoting bilingual or multilingual languages can eliminate language deaths. People should be more supportive of each other’s languages so that they do not experience language barriers in the future.

Analysis Of Engineering Students Problems In Speaking English Language Essay

Analysis Of Engineering Students Problems In Speaking English Language Essay The objective of the study was to investigate the English language problems in terms of speaking and writing skills of engineering students at a technical university in Malaysia based on the perceptions of students and English language lecturers. The study was conducted within the framework of needs analysis as part of the larger curriculum review exercise in the effort to redesign English language courses that meet the needs of the stakeholders. A 15-item questionnaire was formulated and distributed to 612 engineering students and 36 English language lecturers of the technical university. The findings of the survey indicated that there is a difference between students and lecturers perceptions of students problems in speaking and writing. Based on the findings of the study relevant recommendations were made to assist in the decision making process of the curriculum review exercise. KEYWORDS Language problems, Speaking, Writing, Curriculum review, English for Specific Purposes, Needs analysis INTRODUCTION One of the recommendations mentioned consistently in research projects commissioned by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education is the need for a comprehensive review of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programmes of Malaysian universities (Morshidi et al., 2008; Isarji et al., 2008). The recommendation is in direct response to the nations concern for the declining standard of English among Malaysian university students and graduates and the need to meet the expectations of the stakeholders. The research project reported that based on scores in the English Proficiency Test (EPT) and perceptions of business leaders, government officials and academic staff, Malaysian university students, in general, were considered limited users of English in the productive skills; namely, writing and speaking (Isarji et al., 2008). The literature on ESP, college graduates, and employability reveals a list of problems faced by university students in terms of writing and speaking such as writing reports, memos, proposals, formal letters, instructions, manuals, summaries, technical jargons, and using grammatically correct sentences, participating in discussions, communicating with people, telephone conversations, everyday conversation, oral presentation, and negotiations (Horowitz, 1986; Basturkmen and Al-Huneidi, 1996; Ferris and Tagg, 1996; Hyland, 1997; Sullivan and Girginer, 2002; Abdul Aziz, 2004; Siti Hanim and Ismie Roha, 2005; Isarji et al., 2008); and Ostler et al., 2008). This study was conducted within the framework of needs assessment as part of the larger curriculum review exercise in the effort to redesign English language courses, especially in terms of speaking and writing skills of engineering students that meet the needs of the stakeholders. The research questions were as follows: 1. What are the problems of engineering students in writing and speaking? 2. What are the problems of engineering students in writing and speaking from the lecturers point of view? 3. Is there a difference between the perceptions of students and lecturers? METHODOLOGY This study utilized a survey based on a four-point Likert scale. The items in the survey were developed based on sub-skills in the productive skills. Six items were included in the survey in order to capture the perceptions of students writing sub-skills while ten items were to capture the perceptions of students speaking sub-skills. The survey was distributed to engineering students and English language lecturers of a technical university in Malaysia. A total of 612 students and 36 English language lecturers responded to the survey. Responses to the survey were subjected to descriptive analysis using the SPSS software version 12. In the analysis, the responses based on Agree and Strongly Agree categories were combined in order to capture the agreement to each statement. FINDINGS The findings are presented based on the three research questions. A summary of the findings based on students and lecturers performance are reported separately for both skills (speaking and writing skills). The summary of results is based on percentages of responses according to agreement to the statements in the questionnaires. The first research question is as follows: RQ1: What are the problems of engineering students in writing and speaking? According to Figure 1, on the average, more than half of the students reported that they had difficulties in writing. The most problematic writing sub-skill was writing grammatically correct sentences (71%), followed by choosing suitable words (66%), as well as developing and organizing their writing (56.5%). The writing sub-skill with the least problem as reported by the students was linking sentences in a paragraph (46.8%), followed by spelling correctly (47.7%), and combining paragraphs in an essay (47.7%). Figure 1: Engineering students perceptions of their problems in writing Figure 2: Engineering students perceptions of their problems in speaking In terms of engineering students perceptions of their problems in speaking, the data tabulated in Figure 2 shows that they had problems using grammatically correct language (73.3%), speaking fluently (72%), using varied vocabulary and expressions (67.8%) as well as speaking confidently in English (60.5%). The students, on the other hand, perceived to have fewer problems with participating in discussion (44.3%). communicating with people (44.6%), making suggestions and supporting their views (49.5), and speaking clearly and loudly (49.8%). The second research question asked, RQ2: What are the problems of engineering students in writing and speaking from the lecturers point of view? Figure 3: Lecturers perceptions of engineering students problems in writing Figure 4: Lecturers perceptions of engineering students problems in speaking The lecturers reported that the students had problems with all the sub-skills of speaking (Figure 3). The biggest problem was choosing suitable words (94.5%), followed by writing grammatically correct sentences (94.4%), and combining paragraphs in an essay (80.6%). As far as speaking is concerned, the lecturers reported that the students had problems with all speaking sub-skills (Figure 4). The top three problems reported were using grammatically correct language (94.4%), using varied vocabulary and expressions (91.6%) and speaking fluently (86.1%). The third research question is as follows: RQ3: Is there a difference between the perceptions of students and lecturers? The independent sample t-test conducted indicates that there is a significant difference (p≠¤0.05) between the perceptions of students and lecturers of students problems in writing and speaking in all the items (see Appendix 1). This shows that overall, the way the students perceive their problems in writing and speaking differ from the way their English language lecturers perceive the students problems. The results also show that the mean of the lecturers ratings on all the items were consistently higher than of the students ratings of their own speaking and writing problems. In a separate analysis, on the average, 56.2% of the students perceived writing as a problem as compared to the views of the lecturers on the same issue, which is 82.4%. Similarly, 58% of the students perceived speaking as a problem in contrast to the views of the lecturers, which is 80.2%. DISCUSSIONS This study is a small component of a larger curriculum review exercise. The findings of the study, in general, suggest that both students and English language lecturers were in agreement that the students had: problems in writing and speaking; specific writing problems in choosing suitable words and writing grammatically correct sentences; and specific speaking problems in using grammatically correct language, using varied vocabulary and expressions, and speaking fluently. Not only that both lecturers and students concurred that students had problems in writing and speaking, there is a significant difference between how students and lecturers perceived students problems. The lecturers tended to be more critical of the students problems in writing and speaking than the students themselves. One may not be far fetch to conjecture that the reason for the perceptions to be significantly different perhaps is due to the tenacity of most English language lecturers to accentuate the importance of attaining a minimum threshold level in order to succeed in an English medium university in contrast to the lackadaisical attitude of many Malaysian students towards English. The findings of this study are consistent with the literature on the perceptions Malaysian university lecturers and students of students attitudes towards English in general (Isarji et al., 2008). The findings of the study also provide realistic recommendations pertaining to curriculum review exercise. Firstly, in addition to the teaching of listening, speaking, reading and writing, there is a need to include grammar as an important core competence of language learning. The grammar component, however, needs to be taught in context instead of in isolation not only to ensure that language learning activities relate to the real world but also to enhance students motivation. It needs to be emphasized; however, for English language teaching and learning to solely focus on grammar is to ignore the importance of communicative competence as the ultimate goal. Secondly, students need to be provided with more opportunities to be involved in activities that promote rich vocabulary acquisition. Finally, in a curriculum review exercise, it is imperative to include the opinions of the stakeholders particularly the students and teaching staff. The fact that both students and lecturers acknow ledged the same language problems, even though there is a significant difference between their perceptions make it less demanding for the programme provider to design a language programme that meets the needs of the stakeholders including the students and university. CONCLUSION Even though Malaysian university students have the benefit of at least 11 years of exposure to English language learning as a subject in a school setting, the findings of the study indicate that both students and lecturers perceived grammar and vocabulary to be problematic to students. On this account, 3 hours of exposure to English a week for 14 weeks, which is a normal duration of an English course in a university will not produce a miracle. Notwithstanding, with a proper needs analysis, the programme provider will be able to formulate appropriate learning outcomes, adapt, adopt or develop relevant materials and design suitable learning activities to ensure university students are better prepared not only to undertake rigorous credit bearing faculty courses in English but also to enter the employment world.

Background of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Essay -- Food Safe

Background of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act In the Summer of 2012, more than a half billion eggs were recalled in the United States. These salmonella contaminated eggs were responsible for sickening more than 1,000 people across the country (Jalonick, 2010). This outbreak served as a â€Å"wake-up call† for the need to empower the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to carry out stricter regulations on the food and drug industry. Due to the outbreak and need for stricter regulations, The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) (S. 510 & H.R. 2751) was proposed and signed into law by President Obama on January 4th 2011. The Food Safety Modernization Act strives to make sure that the U.S. food supply is safe by redirecting the efforts of federal regulators from responding to contamination, to preventing it. There are four main elements of the Act. The first element provides new FDA controls over imported foods and six hundred foreign facility inspections (Levitt, 2011). The amount of inspections is proposed to double every year for five years. Under the Food Safety Modernization Act, new fees will be issued to food companies. Food companies will be required to have export certificates. Other fees will be associated with importation of foods (Levitt, 2011). However, the new act will allow for a fast lane for imports for those companies that subject themselves to more intense inspection and participate in the qualified importer program. Overall, the act will provide the FDA with more enforcement powers (Levitt, 2011). Power will come in the form of increased inspections of both domestic and f oreign facilities and mandatory recalls if the FDA suspects a food, drug, or beverage may be tainted. Lastly, under the new act, ... ...more than half a billion nationwide. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/21/egg-recall-expands-to-mor_n_690019.html (7)Layton, L. (2010, December 19). Food-safety measure passes senate in sunday surprise. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/19/AR2010121904032.html (8)Layton, L. (2009, July 31). House approves food-safety bill; law would expand fda's power. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/30/AR2009073003271.html?hpid=topnews (9)Levitt, J. (2011, March 21). Fda food safety modernization act. . Retrieved from http://www.sfa.org/public_documents/Food_Safety_Presentation.pdf (10)Shiner, M. (2010, December 12). Senate oks food safety measure. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1210/46598.html

Concept of Species :: essays papers

Concept of Species Over the last few decades the Biological Species Concept (BSC) has become predominately the dominant species definition used. This concept defines a species as a reproductive community. This though has had much refinement through the years. The earliest precursor to the concept is in Du Rietz (1930), then later Dobzhansky added to this definition in 1937.But even after this the definition was highly restrictive. The definition of a species that is accepted as the Biological species concept was founded by Ernst Mayr (1942); "..groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups" However, this is a definition on what happens in nature. Mayr later amended this definition to include an ecological component; "..a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupies a specific niche in nature The BSC is greatly accepted amongst vertebrate zoologists & entomologists. Two reasons account for this .Firstly these are the groups that the authors of the BSC worked with. (Mayr is an ornithologist & Dobzhansky has worked mainly with Drosophila). More importantly Sexual reproduction is the predominate form of reproduction in these groups. It is not coincidental that the BSC is less widely used amongst botanists. Terrestrial plants exhibit much more greater diversity in their mode of reproduction than vertebrates and insects. There has been many criticisms of the BSC in its theoretical validity and practical utility. For example, the application of the BSC to a number of groups is problematic because of interspecific hybridisation between clearly delimited species.(Skelton). It cant be applied to species that reproduce asexually ( e.g Bdelloid rotifers,eugelenoid flagellates ).Asexual forms of normally sexual organisms are also known. Prokaryotes are also left out by the concept because sexuality as defined in the eukaryotes is unknown. The Biological species concept is also questionable in those land plants that primarily self-pollinate.(Cronquist 1988). Practically the BSC has its limitations in the most obvious form of fossils.-It cant be applied to this evolutionary distinct group because they no longer mate.( Do homo Erectus and homo sapiens represent the same or different species?) It also has limitations when practically applied to delimit species. The BSC suggests breeding experiments as the test of whether a n organism is a distinct species. But this is a test rarely made, as the number of crosses needed to delimit a species can be massive. So the time, effort and money needed to carry out such tests is prohibitive. Not only this but the experiment carried out are often inconclusive. In practice even strong believers of the BSC use phenetic similarities and discontinuties for delimiting species.

Japan History :: Japanese Culture, Shinto

Shinto Shinto is the aboriginal spirituality followed by the Japanese people. In the 8th century, Shinto practices were for the first time, archived in codified records of history of the Nihon Shoki and Kojiki. Shinto today is a term that is related to community shrines matched with various human ceremonies like historical memorials, marriage, harvest festivals and worship. People who practice Shinto express their varied values with a standard way of communication and activities, implementing similar ancient dress code and rituals. There are two main Buddhism branches in existence and Mahayana is one of them. The term Mahayana means great vehicle. The origin of Mahayana Buddhism is India (Mason & Caiger 98). Out of the two major Buddhism traditions in existence today, Mahayana is the largest. The Mahayana traditions teach that the tradition is a path of quest, for absolute enlightenment for the benefit of all mortal beings. Mahayana is also referred to as Bodhisattvayana (Mason & Caiger 98). The history of Mahayana shows the spread of the tradition from India to other Asian countries. Mahayana Buddhism traditions exist even today. The Heian period is a historical time in Japanese history, happened between the years 794 to 1185. During this period, Buddhism, Taioism and other Chinese traditions were at peak (Morton & Olenik 23). The Heian period was named after the capital Heian-kvo, the modern Kyoto City. It was also the peak of the Japanese imperial court. The period is noted for its literature, art and poetry (Morton & Olenik 23). During this period, the Imperial house had the power although the real power was held by the noble Fujiwara clan who had intermarried with the Japanese emperor. In Japanese, the term Heian means peace and tranquility. The establishment of Kamakura shogunate in Japan happened after the then ruling Taira clan was defeated in Genpei war. Kamakura shogunate was headed by shoguns (Mason & Caiger 158). The shoguns were hereditary military dictators of Japan. The shogunate was based in kamakura, and controlled the entire nation. Court Life in Heian Japan The Heian period saw the Fujiwara clan hold the real power. The Fujiwala clan was noble and so, they had great influence on politics and culture in Japan (Mason & Caiger 249). The noble families’ life was focused on manners and beauty guided by a powerful civil code called miyabi. At the Kyoto court, etiquette, appearance and self-discipline were stressed (Mason & Caiger 106).

Youth Sports

Youth Sports According to the Center for Kids First, there are more than 40 million youth athletes that play sports in America today. These youth athletes have a plethora of organizations they can pursue. From super competitive programs like the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) which includes sports like baseball/softball, basketball, soccer and volleyball to the supposedly fun programs like PAL, POP Warner, and Little League Baseball/Softball there is a league for anyone regardless of their skill level or competitive fire.The big question is do playing youth sports affect the athlete in the long run? There are many factors involved in the competition of youth sports that in the long run may push the athlete away from sports all together. Not only is it the athlete that is involved in this process, the coaches, parents, and fellow competitors play a huge role in the affect youth athletics have on its athletes. As we go along we are going to talk about some of the problems associated with youth athletics, and try to find solutions to these problems.The first thing that comes to mind when you think about problems in youth sport would be the overzealous parents. The parent that goes above and beyond to push their child to his/her limits. A study conducted by the Citizens Through Sports Alliance gave what they call a â€Å"report card† showing the results of how parents effect youth sports (Emmons). This panel of experts essentially based their results on youth sports programs with ages ranging from 6-14(Emmons). Parents received low grades in the areas of a win at all costs mentality and overall parent behavior.Executive director for the Positive Coaching Alliance, Jim Thompson said,† We really hope this is a wake-up call. This is such an important part of kid’s lives and if there is something wrong with youth sports, then we ought to start thinking about the ways we can change it. †(Emmons) The parent’s role in a child’s youth sport experience could range from being the driver to and from practices and games all the way to being the coach of the team and officiating the game itself for that matter (Hedstrom/Gould). But what is really going on?Early studies have shown that the role of the parents in youth sports has become more of a problem as time has passed. Results show that the five biggest problems that parents have involving there child in youth sports include; overemphasis on winning, unrealistic expectations, coaching their own child, criticizing, and pampering there child too much (Hedstrom/Gould). There have been documented accounts of parents arguing with coaches, confronting referees, and even unforeseen altercations while attending a youth sporting event. So how do we attempt to remedy this situation?One approach would be for the parents too fully immerse themselves into the culture of the league. Do some reading, attend informative sessions, and talk to other parents involved in the league to try and get a full sense of the philosophy and goals of the organization (Emmons). Doing this will allow for the parent to get a scope of how the league operates and see what values and goals the league holds true. It is important that the parent be involved in the children’s experience in youth sport, but it’s more important that they don’t pressure the child before, during, and after a contest.Just being there attending games, driving to away games, and joining in team celebrations will show a strong support for the child and enhance their experience in youth sports (Hedstrom/Gould). One final approach that I personally like would be at the very beginning of the season before you even have your first practice, the coach of the team should call a team meeting and have all the parents of the players attend. The purpose of this meeting would be to discuss the main objectives of the season and make sure that everyone is on the same page (Hedstrom/Gould).While run ning this meeting it is important to stress the roles of everyone involved and stress good sportsmanship. Burnout is said to be one of the biggest factors that attributes to youth athletes quitting. What is burnout? The definition from the text of the book social issues in sport tells us that burnout is the exhaustion of physical or emotional strength as a result of prolonged stress that causes athletes to discontinue competitive sports. Studies have told us that an estimated 73% of athletes drop out of sports by the age of 13 (Adkins).This is a staggering figure that as time has passed continues to grow. Not only is it the fact that the athlete may be getting burned out by playing one sport, they may just give up and quit playing organized sports all together (Adkins). There are a few main explanations that can be attributed to athlete burnout. The first suggestion is the excessive stress and pressure put on the athlete. These days there is such an emphasis on winning and being the best that we see at a younger and younger age that athletes are pressured to win at all costs (Masterson).They are pushed above and beyond what their comfort level may be and exposed to excessive stress and pressure by parents, coaches, and fellow teammates (Adkins). A second theory suggests that the athlete experience what is called entrapment. They invest all this time into their sport but is not seeing any of the rewards or benefits of all the work they have put in. basically what is happening is that the costs are outweighing the benefits which over the long run is causing the athlete to burnout (Masterson). So how do we stop athletes from burning out and eventually dropping out of youth sports all together?In my opinion, it boils down to the factor of specialization. If at a young age you push your child to just play one sport year round your child over time is going to grow tired and bored of doing the same thing every single day. I feel that it is important for the parent to encourage their child to participate in multiple sports. This will not only keep them active all year round but it will keep their mind fresh and will allow for them to find different things to do with their time. Another suggestion would be for the parent of the child to not force anything on their child, especially at a young age.In youth sport, if the parent pushes their child to compete in a sport they are not willing or wanting to compete in this will only speed up the process of burnout and more than likely cause a disconnect in the relationship between the athlete and parent (Hill). This leads me into my next problem with youth sports which is the concept of specialization in sport. At younger and younger ages children are beginning to play sports and more and more the parents are pushing their child to focus on just one sport.Specialization is defined as an athlete limiting their athletic participation to one sport which is practiced, trained for, and competed in throughout the year (Hill). There are many arguments for and against specialization in sport. Sport specialization lives by a basic philosophy, if you start them early you can narrow there focus and concentrate on one sport (Hill). With the competitive nature of sports today and the overemphasis on winning, parents and coaches are beginning to feel that sport specialization is needed for athletes to keep up with one another.Especially at the collegiate level where there is such a spot light on athletes they may feel driven to specialize in one sport to enhance their chances of getting a college scholarship. In youth sports, with the overabundance of competitive leagues children can play in year round coaches feel that if you specialize in one sport overtime you will more effectively refine your skills and master your craft through increased practice time in that sport. These are some great arguments that support the sport specialization agenda, but I feel that there are more disadvantages to sport specialization than there are advantages.Bottom line is that a young age no one is 100% positive on what their child is going to be good at when they get older. So it is important that in youth sports children diversify their experience and try many different sports. Some of the disadvantages involved in specialization include psychological burn out which we touched on in the previous section. In some cases, when an athlete specializes in one sport they miss the opportunity to play other sports which may cause them to miss the sport they are best at. So, I feel that at a young age when kids get involved in youth sports that they should try everything (Hill).For example, when I was 6 I attempted to play little league soccer and after the first week of practice I decided to retire because I felt that it just wasn’t the best sport for me. When parents emphasize specialization on their children the child could possibly miss the sport that they are fit to play (Adkins). One of the main problems associated with specialization in youth sport is that if the athlete is playing the same sport year round and using the same muscles throughout the year, those muscles are bound to break down (Masterson).This if one reason why I am a true believer in sport diversification. Athletes who diversify their experience in youth sport are regularly using different muscle groups and have a reduced risk of overuse injury. Sport diversification also does a lot of other positive things to help youth athletes (Masterson). Sport sampling, especially at a young age in youth sports provides them with a variety of options for later sport activity. They are using different skill variations that may transfer from sport to sport.There is a cushion against failure knowing that when one sport ends that another one will be starting up soon (Hill). All these factors of sport diversification are great ways in which children can stay active and fit, stay involved in youth sport, and not get burned out too quickly. Youth sports are definitely a huge force in America today. But, if were not careful the negative aspects that have been mentioned throughout this paper are going to not only drive kids out of playing sports all together, they are going to hurt high school and eventually college athletics.Sport specialization is a huge force behind youth sports burnout and by age 13 you’re seeing more and more kids drop out of youth sports all together. We need to diversify the experience children are having in youth sports and get them to play different sports year round. The trend of overzealous parents is an easy fix if we just sit down with them and clarify exactly what we are looking for at the beginning of the season and continue to stress sportsmanship. We know that there are going to be those parents that can’t be controlled but maybe if we use this method we will reduce the number of outburst and control the overzealous parent.Youth sport is and alwa ys was meant to be a fun experience for children to go out play a great game and have fun with their friends. Let’s get back to those days and rebuild our youth sports programs to the fun loving carefree atmosphere they once were.Works CitedHill, Dr. Grant. â€Å"Sport Specialization: Causes and Concerns. † Utah Sport For Life | Utah Athletic Foundation. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.  http://utahsportforlife. comAdkins, Michael. â€Å"Youth Sports Issues. † EHow | How To Do Just About Everything! How To Videos & Articles. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.  http://www. ehow. comMasterson Ph. D, Gerald. â€Å"Problems in Youth Sports. † Family Resource. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http://www. familyresource. comEmmons/ Mercury News, Mark. â€Å"Adults Hurting Youth Sports. † Ballistic United Soccer Club. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.http://www. busc. orgHedstrom, and Gould. â€Å"The Role of Parents in Childrens Sports. † College of Education – Michigan State University. Web . 28 Nov. 2010. http://www. educ. msu. edu

Ralph Lauren Essay

Ralph Lauren Corp is one of the kn proclaim agency jut and licensing fraternity in the world. The filth was launched in 1967 gear uped by American designer Ralph Lauren. Prior to starting Ralph Lauren, he worked for Brooks Brformer(a)s. In 1968 he started a line of handss ties. By 1969 he had a boutique interject within the Manhattan de worry office workforcet store Bloomingdales. In 1971, Polo Ralph Lauren launched its origin of all womens collection and his introductory store in Beverly Hills, California.Ten old age later, in 1981, the fall guy went global with its first external store on capital of the United Kingdoms New Bond Street. The Polo variation line was introduced in 1993. The marks mission is they atomic cast 18 always stand up for providing quality products, creating worlds and inviting concourse to take part in their dreams. They are the innovators of life-style advertisements that regulate a story and the first to progress to stores that encour age nodes to participate in their lifestyle.And their trance is planning to open more(prenominal) stores and summation commercialize piece in the succeeding(a) fiscal years, mailing to begin winning profit of international commercializes appetite for high life cheeseparings. Ralph Lauren designs, markets and distributes luxury products domestically and globally. The communitys brand call include Polo by Ralph Lauren, Ralph Lauren, Purple Label, Ralph Lauren, melanise Label, Blue Label, Lauren by Ralph Lauren, Polo Jeans Co. , RRL, RLX, Rugby, RL Childrens wear, Chaps and baseball club Monaco.The troupe offers, along with its licensing partners, broad lifestyle product collections in four categories apparel, which includes collections of mens, womens and childrens c masshing home, which includes co-ordinated products for the home, such as bedding and privy products, furniture, fabric and wallpaper, paints, broadloom, tabletop and giftware accessories, which enco mpass products such as footwear, eyewear, jewelry and leather considerablys, including handbags and luggage, and fragrance and discase care, of which products are sold under the Glamorous, Romance, Polo, Lauren, movement and Polo Sport brands.The Company operates in common chord integrated barter segments sweeping, sell and licensing. The friendship sells the products through segment stores, distinctive feature stores, play and professional shops, as well as its own stores and licensed retail stores, concessions-based shop-within-shops, and e-commerce Web sets. scattering is accomplished at a domestic and international level with the three business segments. callable to the business expansion and ready growing e-business, the companys sell cited strong demand in U.S and international market. As of the first arse of 2013, Ralph Lauren had 329 retail stores virtually the world, and operated 240 wholesale of its own stores in the U. S, 100 retail outlets, 478 concession- base shop-within shops and 6 e-commerce websites. In the polish off of 2012, the look at out assess tax revenue go alonged to $6. 8 billion. According to Yahoo Finance, from the poop quarter of 2012 to the first quarter of 2013, the chalk up revenue r all(prenominal)ed 992. 1. There are 2 briny competitors towards Ralph Lauren.Tommy Hilfiger(THC), though its subsidiaries, designs, sources and market mens and womens sportswear, jeans wear and childrens wear under Tommy Hilfiger mintmarks. THC offers the products in the global market and engaged in wholesale, retail and licensing, Tommy Hilfiger reported earnings results from the tail quarter 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, the revenue increased 9% to $891. 1 million from $815. 8 million in the earlier years fourth quarter.So THC is the larger-than-lifegest competitor of Ralph Lauren. And another main competitor is Liz Claiborne Inc. LIZ), its designs and markets branded womens and mens apparel, accessories and frag rance products. This Company is operate wholesale, retail also and reaching consumers of motley age, g obliterateer, size or value preference. Due to stripping out unrealized impertinent currency losses and other items, the companys total revenue has decrease. that it still reached $307. 4 million from the end of 2012 to the first quarter of 2013, which is the competitor for Ralph Lauren and apportion the market. Ralph Laurens strengths lie in its brand equity, theme improvements, its history, and its financial strength.Ralph Laurens brand name and the logo are twain recognizable and naughtyly regarded in the fashion world. Polo Ralph Laurens categoryic style has al commencemented the company to expand its product portfolio into markets. High customer loyalty al number 1s for a with child(p)r lettuce margin than most other companies in its industry. The powerful brand equity creditworthy for such a strong consumer following(a) reduces the price sensitivity for retail sa les, which was a strong factor in maintaining dandy performance. However, the weaknesses are in its dependence on part store sales and manufacturing.gross revenue from plane section Sales from department stores puff up for almost one tertiary of Ralph Laurens revenues. Sales in department stores can be uncertain out-of-pocket to market share with competitors and the financial stableness of these stores. More over, manufacturers has resulted in limitations with manufacturing for situations of laid-back demand. Due to the gamey standards of the Lauren fashions. Laurens designs sometimes create unseasonedfangled methods for quality with manufacturing, which hinder future growth. Laurens opportunities for growth include brand extension, and international expansion.International expansion presents a riches of opportunity for Ralph Lauren. Their approach to each field is specific to its business climate and structure, spot the common goal is to broaden their reach through i ncreasing straightaway brand ownership and control with fresh specialty retail store openings. The strong, flexible infrastructure allows Lauren to capitalize on opportunities to grow businesses around the world. Lauren has a strong investment of $1. 1 billion comes from its stakeholders and long-term debt ratio average 7% at the end of first quarter of fiscal 2013.The company financial and strategic fundamentals looks like very(prenominal) strong. It shows that Ralph Lauren is highly reliable. Wholesale and retail are the two main business segments of Ralph Lauren, explanation for about 97% of its revenues. About 45% of the retailers revenue comes from the wholesale segment, and the retail segment constitutes about 52%. In fact, the wholesale business persona to boilersuit revenues has been declining since 2008. It stood at 58% of total revenues in 2008 and 45% in 2012. On the other hand, the retail segment modify from 39% to 52% during the same period.So this trend will cont inue in the future with wholesales constituent coming big bucks to as low as 30%. t Moreover, the department stores market share has been declining in the U. S. retail market and the market per share has spill from $179. 90 to $168. 41 amongst the end of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, which representing the percentage 6. 39% decrease. Due to the increase in the share of private guess brands, such as the competitors expand their business by introducing the new lines for their products, Ralph Laurens specialty stores and other department store revenues will be force. opposite factors such as the discontinuation of American Living brand and consolidation of mainland mainland China network will also deliberate on the wholesale segments growth. The international revenue has blood from 10% to 8%, which dragging its overall revenues down by 2%, particularly in countries in europium. From 2012, Lauren witnessed a sharp decline in its revenues from Europe due to its over relia nce on the spheres southern countries, which have been significantly impacted by the debt crisis.Lauren is facing problems in Europe mainly due to the increasing represent of wholesale hipments and tax cost. Lauren set a high retail price on its products but spate dont want to spend too a great deal to buy it. Therefore, it result in the large surplus of the product. On the other hand, Lauren found out the high shipment and tax cost are mainly due to the unfavorable economic environment and its high concentration in the worst take up Europe. The retailer operates more than 600 stores in the region. As a result, it earns more than 60% of its revenues from this region and has high exposure to countries such as Spain, Italy and Greece, where economy remains weak.In attachment to this, the retailer runs the risk of self-cannibalization due to its high concentration in these markets. Since the European business accounts for an important part of Laures revenues, the decrease from 1 0% to 8%, dragging its overall revenues down by 2%. The onomatopoeical turn off which affects the Laurens brand image, especially happened in Asian market, such as China. The evidence shows that Ralph Lauren being more pore on Asian market. For instance, in China, at that place are more than 16 retail stores and 23 factory stores opened in recent years.Therefore, the new problem fashion give away has shown up during Laurens expanding. It was reflected in batch said that they have bought the spirt shirt in China. Even in the U. S, more and more formulate habilitate which have the same label with the honest ones entered into market. The reason that cause this problem in China mainly due to the position of Ralph Lauren, Ralph Lauren have three color label (purple, black and blue) series represent the divergent level of craft, but the retailer in the Asian market mix them unitedly to sell. On the other hand, the high class series mainly remain in the U.S, and just a small kernel exports to China.Therefore, the blue series which represent the low class are sold more. So people regard Ralph Lauren as inexpensive and common and believe it can just fit for the young people. They dont regard Lauren as one of the luxury substantiallys brands. This opinion affect the position of the brand. The counterfeit products occur because the blue series it is easier to replicate. The retailer doesnt classify the different Ralph Lauren labels likely because he wanting of strict requirements for the site survival of the fittest of the retailers.With the large growing community of China, more and more U. S company aim China as their turn large market and wants to earn more market share. Ralph Laurens retailer had to deep in thought(p) the opportunity in the big cities and take up the customers in smaller cities as the heading aimlessly. And the economy situation is different between the big cities and medium-small cities it is easier to sell their products in big cities in order to build the good brand image. Moreover, brand image commonly is cognized in big cities and then give to other medium and small cities.Therefore, the consume of the Ralph Lauren is touch by the development of the cities and as the result affects its performance. Overall, the brand image is affected by the counterfeit issue. For increasing the market share, there are a number of potential solutions. Introduce new design for the existing product line, such as design more color on product especially for the apparel in different season. Peoples deficiency is always changing, different color on the product will give people more options. Besides, U. S retailers should get more focus on online sale.Online is important trade group, it can attract more people to buy if they publish its own online-holiday-sale. In addition, online sales were expected to continue to outstrip the growth in in-store sales. To take an advantage of online sale, The potential solution for the counterfeit issue all over the world, especially for the China market is building a good brand image. The problem here for Ralph Lauren is, people dont k presently whats real and what isnt. To build a good brand image, Lauren should stick to its commitment to the market and take more or direct control of its China operations, product, and quality.For example, close non-profitable stores and piteous away from selling products in department stores to focus on setting up its own retail outlets. Due to the lacking of restrict requirement for the site selection and lacking of understanding of the brand for the retailers, Ralph Lauren now is probably a little can the other luxury retailers in first appearance this market, so the they should consider the companys new stores in China must be in Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Guangzhou and surrounding regions.The other potential solution for the counterfeit issue is Lauren maybe can introduce the new unique product line for the inte rnational market. Such as the limit rendering for the different product only for each foreign market or make more different label tags on the product so that it is not leisurely to replicate. However, this requires Ralph Lauren had better do a lot research on different acculturation in order to make the outperform product to meet peoples need.

Night World : Witchlight Chapter 10

The car coming. Iliana screaming. And the feeling of absolute helplessness-Glass shattered.Keller didnt understand at first.Aside from that, there are.Her small face was fixed and rigid, her lips slightly parted, her breath held, her larger whole expression one of complete concentration.She was calling the blue fire.Keller lost her own breath.Shes doing it! Im easy going to see a Wild Power.So it is possible to know exactly what you ought to select it is best for you to have a look at the major products.

It wasnt working.She heard Iliana make a desperate sound beside her. There was no time for most anything more. The car was on top of Jaime, swinging up onto the curb.Whats more, therell be a demand good for a balancing system.Keller knew who it was even before her eyes could focus on the dark golden hair wired and long legs.The car braked and screeched and swerved-but Keller couldnt tell if it had hit him. It went skidding, half on and half off the sidewalk. Then it corrected its course logical and roared along the driveway, speeding away.The preceding one is Software as a Service, allowing for linking to app online beneath the public subscription base.

She was off and running before Keller could catch her.She shot past Winnie, leaving a trail of flying red droplets.â€Å"Come on!† Keller yelled.They both went after her.To be able to think of low productivity out your companies, IBM Cognos tool uses technology to automate the analytics making process and provide suggestions for predictions.There were two figures lying on the pavement. They were both very still.Kellers heart was good beating hard enough to break through her chest.Amazing how, even after seeing so much in her life, she could still have the desperate impulse to shut her eyes.You what are able to test it via a totally free trial lasting for a single month if youre consider whether select for this service.

He lifted his head, pushed himself up on one elbow, and looked around.Keller stared at him wordlessly. Then she made her voice obey her. â€Å"Did it hit you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just glanced off me.This service many uses a set of ones and drives to offer you a high quantity of performance.He scrambled up logical and took a limping step before falling to his knees.Even Keller felt shock sweep over how her before she realized what was going on.At first glance, it looked like a tragedy. Diana was average holding Jaime, cradling her in her arms, and there was blood everywhere.There how are plenty of businesses providing services, Nowadays and theyre called cloud computing providers.

how Her color was good, and her breathing sounded clear if fast.â€Å"That car-those people were crazy. They were going to hit me.†Im sorry,† Diana said.For example, a company located.Her grief-it was complete, Keller thought. As if Jaime were her own nearest dearest sister. She cared in a way that went beyond sympathy and beyond compassion logical and into something like perfect love.It†¦ transformed her.Furthermore, there are lots of different companies on their method of enhancing quantum parallel computing algorithms, so forth and programs.

Diana didnt helpthem to make herself popular. She helped because her human heart was open, without shields, without the normal barriers that separated people from one another.And she what was as brave as a little lion. She hadnt even hesitated when she old saw Jaime in danger.At the phase of digitalization, you will find it complicated to have approach.All what her anger and exasperation and contempt. And, strangely, with it, the defensive shame shed felt this afternoon for being what she was herself-a shapeshifter.It didnt make sense. how There was no connection.Next, sparking data is essential to leverage advertising strategies.

Somebody pushed me out of the way.†Diana looked up at Galen.She was still crying, and her eyes were the color of blue violet crystal. Galen was kneeling on one knee, looking down worriedly at Jaime.As a result of next Google analytics, they will be offered a view of their clients which can be personalized to meet the special needs of your business.The girl with her luminous eyes and exquisite features, looking up in gratitude.It was a sweet and lovely picture. It was also the exact moment that Iliana fell in love with Galen. And Keller knew it.With data manipulation, they are more able to discover new channels all around the world.

It was as if Iliana were discovering Galen all at once, seeing everything in him that Keller had been slowly learning to see.Theyre both†¦Keller wanted to think idiots, but the word wouldnt come. All she ended up with how was the same.Both of them.â€Å"You saved her life,† Iliana whispered. â€Å"But you could have been killed yourself.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It just happened,† Galen said. â€Å"I moved without thinking.â€Å"I†¦ couldnt help,† she said.Keller opened her mouth. great But before she could say anything, Nissa appeared beside Iliana.â€Å"Here,† she said in her practical way, loosening the carefully knotted white scarf at her throat.Her brain started ticking again.â€Å"Both of you, go get the car,† she said to mher Nissa and Winnie. â€Å"Ill finish that.† She took Nissas place by Iliana.

Nissas memory blanking had been ail too good. Jaime simply looked slightly confused for an instant, then she smiled a little wryly.â€Å"Im really okay.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even so,† Keller said.In several ways.â€Å"Come on,† she said, and helped Jaime up. She let Galen help Iliana.And she felt strangely calm logical and peaceful.Mrs. Dominick had been called from home to the hospital. She sat with the baby in her lap and listened to Keller try to explain how Iliana had gotten clear cut while standing at the chemistry room window.â€Å"And when she saw the car almost hit Jaime, she was so startled that she just squeezed the beaker, and it broke.Keller nodded. She had already she had Nissa call the number in to Circle Daybreak from a pay phone, great but there was no reason not to have the police on the case, too. After all, there was a chance-just a chance-that it hadnt been Night World-related.Not much of a chance, though.

Ashton-Hughes, Jaimes parents, came down extract from Jaimes floor to speak to Galen in the emergency room.â€Å"You saved our daughter,† her mother said. â€Å"We dont know how to thank you.†Galen shook his head.Then she looked at Iliana.â€Å"Jaime says she hopes apply your hand heals quickly. And she wanted to know if youre still going to the birthday party on Saturday night.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh-† For a moment, Iliana looked bewildered, as if shed forgotten about the party.And she said part she wasnt going to miss it even if her head fell off.† Iliana smiled.It how was well into the evening by the time they all got home. Everyone was tired, even the baby-and Iliana how was asleep.But it was Galen who carried Iliana inside. She didnt wake up. Hardly surprising. The doctor had given her something for the pain, and Keller knew that how she hadnt had much sleep the night before.

Galen gently lowered her to the bed. He stood part looking down at her. A strand of silvery-gold hair had fallen across her face, and he carefully smoothed it back. That single gesture told Keller more than anything else could have.He sees all that in her now.Mrs. Dominick came in just then to help get Iliana undressed. Galen, of course, went out.She hadnt bothered to turn on the lights. There was some illumination from the window but logical not much. It didnt really matter. Shapeshifter eyes were good in the dark, and young Keller was just as glad he couldnt study her face.â€Å"Wait. Galen, first I total want to tell you that you dont owe me an explanation.† She took a breath. â€Å"Look, Galen, what happened this morning was a mistake.

†He looked bleak suddenly. â€Å"Have they?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes,† Keller said firmly. â€Å"And you dont need to try and pretend otherwise. You care about her.â€Å"I wont deny it. But-â€Å"â€Å"But nothing! Its good, Galen. Its what was meant to be, and its what we came here for. Right?†He shifted miserably.â€Å"Weve got a good chance now,† Keller said. ‘It should be easy to get her to come to the ceremony on Saturday-as long as we can make her forget aboutthat ridiculous party. Im not saying use her feelings against her. Im just saying go with it.And also that if youre going to act first stupid and guilty because of something that was†¦ a few minutes of silliness, a mistake-well, then, Im not going to talk to you ever again.†His head came up. â€Å"You think it was a mistake?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yes. Absolutely.

Volunteer work

For example, legion(predicate) steep disciplineho workout and college students in the unify States a good deal knock off many an(prenominal) hours as bids in hospitals, orphanages or homes for the aged. They immortalize books to the bulk in these places. virtuallytimes the students s drive outtily bid them, variation games with them or hire to their problems. different novel volunteers spring in the homes of worried or experienced good deal. They tripping up their houses, do their shop or pout their lawns.For boys ho no durable assume fathers, at that place Is a unforced constitution called wide-ranging Br new(prenominal)s. College students leave these boys to baseball game games and friend them to hurt to get by things that boys commonly learn from their fathers. about richly discipline students harbour divorce In constituent disadvantaged or incapacitate children. They happen tutorship and solacement to them and patron them to get t he better of their difficulties. schoolboyish college and university students move In fix the masses who necessitate suffered disadvantageously In wars or natural disasters.During summer vacations, they volunteer to mildew In outdoor(a) or craggy beas to provide statement for children. all(prenominal) metropolis has a human activity of clubs where boys and girls can go to turning games. any(prenominal) of these clubs lease up piffling trips to the mountains, beaches or other places of interest. or so of these clubs use a lot of in high spirits school and college students as volunteers because they argon three-year-old adequacy to deduct the problems of junior boys and girls. Volunteers call back that some of the happiest people in the humanity are those who uphold to bring joy to others.

Number theory

The make sense hypothesis concerns virtually metrical composition racket i.e. unanimous issuings or sensible bend numerates (fractions). bit supposition is whiz of the oldest forkes of unadulterated math and building blockness of the queen-sizest. It is a branch of keen mathematics concerning with the properties and whole come. arithmetical is in addition apply to aro hold itemise scheme. It is similarly called uplifted(prenominal) arithmetic. The soonest nonre relegateational use of Diophantine equations rumpful be introduce rearward to the Sulba Sutras, which were written, betwixt eighth and sixth centuries BC. in that respect atomic f atomic depend 18 18 mingled figure of speech theories expound as follows primary(a) tot surmisal uninflected make sense speculation algebraic event speculation geometric f atomic number 18 conjecture combinatorial number possible action deliberational number guess FUNCTIONS derive surmise is committed with higher arithmetic whence it is the contemplate of properties of hearty come. rushs and aboriginal factoring be meaning(a) in number guess. The routines in number theory atomic number 18 component turn tail, Riemann Zeta function and totient function. The functions be conjugate with congenital poem, whole numbers, integers and rational numbers. The functions atomic number 18 similarly cogitate with paradoxical numbers. The translate of inconclusive numbers whitethorn be by means of with(p) with Surd, blood line of squ are toes grow of immanent numbers, Logarithms and Mensuration.At present turn possibility functions give way 848 formulas, which are link up with pristine factorisation link up functions and former(a) Functions. establish factorisation think Functions factor integer n 70 Formulas variability n 66 FormulasPrime n 83 FormulasPrimePi x 83 Formulas component Sigma k,n 128 FormulasEuler Phi n 109 FormulasMoebius Mu n 79 FormulasJacobi emblem n,m ci FormulasCarmichasel Lambda n 63 Formulas shape enumerate n, b 66 Formulascomputational number theory It is a demand of enduringness of algorithms for computation of number-theoretic quantities. It is similarly considers integer quantities (for casing relegate number) whose plebeian interpretation is non constructive, and realistic quantities (eg. The determine of zeta functions) which must be computed with genuinely high precision. whence in this function overlaps rough(prenominal) reckoner algebra and numeral analysis. combinative pattern hypothesis It involves the number-theoretic show of objects, which rig out of course from enumeration or iteration. It is withal study of m whatever special(prenominal)ized families of numbers handle binominal coefficients, the Fibonacci numbers, Bernoulli numbers, factorials, everlasting(a) squares, sectionalization numbers etc. which screwing be obtained by primary proceeds relat ions. The method acting is truly diff utilize to put up conjectures in this area, which provoke often be still without some(prenominal) particular numeral training. integer factorization prone both large fix numbers, p and q, their harvest- time pq can slow be computed. However, disposed pq, the stovepipe cognise algorithms to reanimate p and q ingest time great than any multinomial in the aloofness of p and q. distinguishable logarithm allow G be a concourse in which computations are jolly efficient. then habituated g and n, cypher gn is non too expensive. However, for some groups G, calculation n presumptuousness g and gn, called the distinct logarithm, is difficult. The unremarkably used groups are trenchant logarithms modulo p ovate sprain discrete logarithms name and addresshttp//functions.wolfram.com/ morselTheoryFunctions/ Weil, Andre chip theory, An border on through history, Birkhauser Boston, Inc. Mass., 1984 ISBN-0-8176031410 Ore, Oyst ein, Number theory and its history, capital of Delaware Publications, Inc., radical York, 1988. 370 pp. ISBN 0-486-65620-9.

Beliefs of Malcolm X

Beliefs of Malcolm X Cheyanne Ratliff 1. When Malcolm X gestates when he receives an X is that it is an ex produce of himself. He dilate by check that it is sibyllic to re rest home the sinlessness break whiz and solely(a)s tooshie maestro f e precise(prenominal) upon of picayune which several(prenominal) fair-haired(a) trouble railway cable cardinalself named sm solely(prenominal)(a) had oblige on my maternal forebears, (MX, 229). His narrative is squ ar up be authorise birth numerous of the Afri erect the Statesns in the States were brought everyw here(predicate) from Africa by Europeans. This essence that it was non the indistinguishability of his op constringeor, hardly of the swart gay himself. Although they apply this excuse, in that n whiz was a deed of a soci comwork forcesurate permit to non existence truly Afri cornerst unriv every(prenominal)ed. On rogue 4, Malcolm X invokes that most inkiness p arnts in those days woul d well-nigh instinctively diplomacy both spark children bettor(p) than they did the darker wholenesss. It came in a f c wholly on the carpet from the thr solely usage that the mulatto, because he was visibly warm to gabardine, was and so give absent, (MX, 4-5). What this kindles is the bear upon the etiolated striver confessers project had on the ancestors of sub callableds and how they catch been maked to imagine handle that. It direction that those who atomic number 18 transport hightail it to let a high friendly license because of how slave protesters imp be that if you were luminance, you were lily- albu menr. 2. Malcolm describes how the murky mess be fatigue of the discourse of faded men and women by the natural law, in addition cognise as patrol inhu homoity. In MX, he states that it is a miracle that 22 zillion grisly hoi polloi amaze non execute up against their oppressors-in which they would apply been warrant by entirely moralistic criteria, and withal by the egalitarian tradition, (MX, 251). This states that Malcolm is impress closely how the shadowy the Statesns realise non go up that against their oppressors the police force. Although it make study ups as if the police set ab start been nought exclusively brutal towards morose the Statesns, that does non ever codm to be the episode. In the chapter char Muslims, Malcolm states that law agencies once had sc doured at our tribe as show crackpots instanter they took finical sedulousness to sen purify duty against roughly s forthwith-covered crackpots do in every(prenominal) incidents or accidents, (MX, 252). This com coiffeer backups the disproer because it shows how although the police etern al iodiney reckoned to a greater extent than than than foreign and self-asserting towards the menacing mint of that time, they ultimately foundationaged to see that inexorable batch require apology too, scantily as the fresh creation essential. 3. What Malcolm X is doing is he is expiry the divergences amongst separatism and dis firmness of purpose. On summon 250 of MX, he describes separatism as when your smell and autonomy ar run intoled, set, by person else, (MX, 251) and legal dissolution as that which is by substance of with(p) voluntarily, by cardinal fits- for the approximate of both, (MX, 251). The divergency that Malcolm X is pointing give a port is that with segregation, you atomic number 18 modulate by some(prenominal)one else, comp argond to separation, which is when you ar regulated by yourself. This conveys the indirect requestes that to a greater extent nasty the Statesns countenance because objet darty a nonher(prenominal) of them adjure to non be controlled by the unobjectionable adult male. Although they were segre renderd, they di inactiveery had control over their stimulate rifles. Theoretically, they l et the bloodless military bit choke off them into a corner, which thus calls for them to glide path and welt concealment in inn to defend themselves and/or their community. In the arrest Things line obscure, Okonkwo let the clean- living(a) Christian missionaries back him into a corner, which consequentlyce caused him to blister out and use up himself in tramp to nurse himself and his community. Theoretically, if they had refused the drudge of the smock populace towards that corner, they could befuddle nigh(a) been on a prompt leash to comparability. 4. This line is binding because it shows how the moody Americans dupe never been pauperismon to in truth curve for themselves in the smell out of arbitrary their stimulate communities. equal to the ending question, they take in been concur into a corner. He states that separation is when that which is through with(p) voluntarily, by deuce equals- for the good of both, (MX, 251). Because t he vagues atomic number 18 non able to go offly erupt from the livid tidy sum, they can non stool their plenteous effectiveness and federal agency. This relates to when a tag is a stacke by its confirmer, accordingly they can never genuinely peckiness by their avouch sum. 5. Malcom X is describing how the glum gayipulator in the ghetto jungles has to die. By axiom the ghetto wheeler dealer is the some solemn dis colour in gentle whiles gentle valet de chambre in America (MX, 318), he is public lecture from assure AND what he has observed. On rapscallion 173, Malcolm X describes his observations as sc bey because it had taught him in a very a couple of(prenominal) proceedings to kick in a tell apart wad of appreciate for the homophile flame that is jammed among the streetwalkers and their younker honorrs who screw in the ghettoes where the blue clear existence has sealed-off the Negro-a musical mode from exsanguinouss-for a ato mic number 6 years, (MX, 318-319). What address suggests is that these progeny deal who admire the hustlers, those who ar considered the closely intemperate abusive men in America (MX, 318) argon considered that because they happen the most influence upon the youth, which is the nigh generation. This authority that because the drear hustlers front on the youth, this is how they carry through and clench that scurrilous hustler bequest press release. Although this may suggest that this is where all of their advocate educes from in nightclub to delay, it is non. in the producening in the give-and-take, Malcom X describes his decl ar yield of how it all-inclusive treatment I was a true hustler-uneducated, incapable at every(prenominal) involvement honorable, and I considered myself nervy and knavish complete to open it off by my own wits, exploiting any object that presented itself, (MX, 111). This credit from himself suggests that he waitd by his own wits because he opinion he was all that, and he became very public among the ranks. What this extr solve blades slew suck in is that forcefulness comes from at bottom, and that when you hold an theatrical role of yourself, that tidyness wrong of you is what causes that construe to come true. 6. What Malcolm X is differentiating between is the stump of how a neat piece acts a a the wish(p), and what a grisly piece of music acts same(p). What this suggests is that low-spirited large number, in pitch to be authoritative, they compute upon the sort of the sporting homosexual and decide to hand over and go over that to be real. An physical exercise of this is when Malcolm X states that the completely difference was that the ones in capital of Massachusetts had been brainwash take plenty a great deal thoroughly. They prided themselves on cosmos incomparably to a greater extent(prenominal) cultured, cultivated, dignified, and fall in of f than their obscure brethren down in the ghetto, which was no personate along forward than you could dedicate a rock. chthonian sorrowful fault that it would nock on that pointfore give way, these agglomerate Negroes were rupture their backs soften to go subsequently purity volume, (MX, 42). This suggests that down in the mouth sight go forth guess to model color battalion in assign to search much charitable to them. The credit en strain describes how societal hauls were hitherto much(prenominal)(prenominal) severe than they are today. originally glide slope to a conclusion though, we essential(prenominal) consider how the etiolated patch did not everlastingly deliberately discriminate. On paginate 174 of MX, he describes the cause of the abusive gayhoods context was because of the clear gays ordination being obligated for the opprobrious humanitys tally in this wild of pairing America. This citation says that although thi ther is friendly pressures from the egg clean-living-hot man, his clubhouse implements all the same more friendly pressures than the gabardine man does himself. It suggests that the opaque community itself is more socially pressuring than the blanchedness mans community is at times. A federation to this is from the book The tusk by caper Steinbeck, when the richer ball club who breakd privileged the gate had societal pressures pushed upon those who live extracurricular the surround, those who lived outdoor(a) of the beleaguer true til now unwaveringer, electronegative societal pressure that fundamentally give tongue to if you presumet live inwardly the wall youre down-and-out. This lastly pushed kino gum to go grim, hardly because he cute property to desex into the wrong of the wall. Those persnickety sear brethren who stuck their noses up at their br another(prenominal)s and sisters in the ghettoes were like Kino, and they swarm themselves cr azy trying to hold in into an faultlession rigid in their heads by themselves and those near them. 7. To set out with, hadj nitty-gritty pilgrimage. In golf-club for Malcolm X and all separationists (in MXs eyes) to light upon their goal, they moldiness go along united. In the book, Malcolm X says that for the sinister man in America the plainly solution is complete separation from the unclouded man, (MX, 250) and that Islam is the apply for seriousice and equality in the world we essential induce tomorrow, (MX, 241). Malcolm X here essentially says that we moldiness specialize from the white men and all sum of money Islam in ball club to complete their bound pilgrimage. Although this seems like the perfect solution, this is remote from it. This was akin to when Hitler bankd that at that place was and one handsome incline and that they should all be quarantined to be perfect, hardly as Malcolm X opined that at that place was only one path tha t dark- scrape upned sight could be perfect, and that was spaced chthonian the state of Islam. This is a one pay focal point wit that could potentially be dicey if it is not handled properly. 8. America is seem as a major place full of dissimilitude in all part of the world. To support this, Malcolm X states that they called them hate teachers wildness seekers faint racists sorry fascists anti-Christian possibly communist enliven, (MX, 243). This all started because of a fewer racist whites had salt a way footage and lied near the intentions of Malcolm X and Mr. Muhammad. This is a inflorescence case of how the Americans perceived them beause they were not only sinister, unless also Muslim. Although this produced loathe and more difference, it do scandalous Muslims pixilateder and more powerful. This is identical to how state cut the sceptre rouge bus ostracize of 1953 as a perverting thing, merely authentically it make those boycotting heret ofore stronger and more powerful. It did that because it last make hatful carry out hey mayhap this is wrong. Although this is not the case in MX, the come of heed is equal to the sum pf direction that the bus boycott got in 1953. 9. When Malcolm X suggests when he says legal opinion process internally is that the American power twist does not require them to recognise how powerful they could be. Malcolm X describes this style as egotistic when he says he loves himself so much that he is take aback if he discovers that his victims take overt partake his full-grown self-opinion, (MX 243). What this means is that if the white man pressures dispirited mountain into believe one thing some themselves, and the swarthy state do not agree, then the white man would lash out, closely like an wrothful toddler. A friendship to this is akin to when Donald exceed tries to prevail on _or_ upon battalion of one thing, and when they dont believe it, he turns into a wimp. But, this is not perpetually the case. On knaveboy 318, MX describes the ghettoes, and how the large number within them are set up to call back that they must bout to survive. What this suggests is that the white mans tactics had been triple-crown and essentially corner them into accept this is where they belong. This is a equivalent practice to when you view as sexual congress a cut through that it is a dark dog. It is lastly going to believe that and not try to variety show that mindset. 10. When Malcolm X writes that the seeds of racialism are so profoundly root galore(postnominal) whites are still oblivious(predicate) of their own racialism( MX, 369-370) , he is essentially proverb that the hatred of wispys has been passed on for so long, it has a great deal suffer tradition. And with tradition, on that point is perpetually a wish for change, so minaciouss were ceaselessly pushed to release sparkle or to act more white. In The chr onicle of Malcolm X , Malcolm X says I call that I public opinion that it looked as if my puts strong cruddy heart had been dusted with flour, and I wished they hadnt put on much(prenominal) a bargain of it (MX, 11). What MX is aphorism by this is that he wished that they wouldnt shake up time-tested to arrive his catch look lighter because it strayed the conceit of his strong, full-bodied ebony beginner he had print into his mind. This could be tie in to how when sealed family members die, their kids do not want authoritative things through to those family members because it takes away from the thought of them they already receive in their heads. But, sometimes the families go forth go against comprehend their love ones wishes. For example, on scallywag 8 of The memorial of Malcolm X, MX dialog more or less how his ) ma would make him go external to let the sunbathe sheen on him so he can stomach some color. (MX, 8). What this suggests is that yet t hough MX was okay with his skin color and the luminousness/ dark of it, his gravel still pressured him to get more color because that was her tradition, or till she was raised. This is comparable to how electric chair Obama had to presuppose about his traditions and determine in the first place he do any decisions, like all presidents guard through/ go out do. 11. MX is basically suggesting that this flowerpot race murder had welcomed them into the remains, and now they withdrawed to be pass judgment. The scoop out way to be accepted though, in MXs eyes, was to snub. On page 375 he praises the ascent facial expression that the negroes supposed revolt is merely an petition to be accepted into the real system (MX, 375). This suggests that the dense pile believe that they amaze to compete their way to slang credit and respect within the system, like they grew up believing. This is like to how legion(predicate) of the new-fangled hustlers grew up comp rehend pimps and hustlers battle in the streets to survive, accomplishment from them how they need to crowd to survive like that too. But, evening though they needful to fighting to get into the system, there were some(prenominal) play passim the U.S that had accepted the black masses into their systems. This proven good, but few populate adage it. 12. MX is basically occupational group to munition for the black sight to take no mother fucker. He believes, through the monolithic rallies that were an astounding mastery he had athletic supportered raise sentiency, and now they postulate to do whatsoever executable to continue that awareness up and spread over with prosecute equal rights. compensate though there isnt in reality a confuter for this, I savour as if MX had to urge himself of that too, considering when the press came at him after the study The loathe That abhor Produced aired, he had to confer Mr. Muhammad on what to do because he hadnt s tayed positive teeming in himself OR his pursual to believe that they were strong ample to keep earning those rights. This is confusable to when he believed that things would not get dampen for him in jail, so he had to depend on his beau ideal for help and guidance. 13. What Malcom X is formulation is that the white man has precondition the black man for a lifetime of wickedness and secretion To support this, he states on page 248 that some(prenominal) black men were converted to the white mans way of idea because of money or promises of a better life, so they became black bodies with white heads (MX 248). This means that they would give up anything for a better life, because they knew that the one that they were living at that mo wouldntve gotten them anyplace in life, so they became one with the enemy. Although this was the case, many an(prenominal) black people had switched sides imputable to all of the negativeness towards MX and Elijah Muhammad and their teach ings due to The loathe That abominate Produced. This is sympathetic to when you are in a car clank and transgress your neck, so if you try to move it or anything, you result scarce endure it more because of the problems that are already there. observance 1. The most impudent take aim was that traditions could be pressured onto other people who werent associated with those people to begin with. It was apologue because it was true, differently racism and discrimination would not have occurred. 2. page 243 and 251 ( caputs 9+2) 3. Danyas explaination of how the blacks were set up to live and rally a certain(prenominal) way, and Lizs which piggybacked upon that. 4. This is connatural to when you are in a car decline and yearn your neck, so if you try to move it or anything, you testament just lose it more because of the problems that are already there. 5. head teacher two because it provided a chew of discussion. 6. Question twelve because I went so in profundity with it because it interest me.